![]() ![]() ![]() El año 1980 marcó un hito importante ya que se incorporó el constructo diagnóstico del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en la tercera edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-III) y se definieron sus principales criterios diagnósticos (re-experimentar el acontecimiento traumútico, evitación de estímulos asociados con el trauma y síntomas de hiper-alerta). ![]() Hace 20 años este papel etiológico fue “redescubierto” en el contexto de los traumas psicológicos producidos por la guerra de Vietnam y también a raiz de la discusión pública que ha realizado el movimiento de liberación de la mujer sobre el abuso sexual y las violaciones. ![]() Violación, asalto, tortura, accidentes de vehículos motorizados) como un factor etiológico en los trastornos mentales fue anticipado por Charcot, Freud y Breuer en el siglo XIX, y luego más específicamente durante la I Guerra Mundial por Kardiner. This “state-of-the-art” article discusses past and current understanding of the disorder, with particular emphasis on the recent explosive developments in neuroimaging and other fields of the neurosciences that have highlighted the complex interrelationships between the psychological, psychiatric, biological, and neuroanatomical components of the disorder, and opened up entirely new therapeutic perspectives on how to help the victims of trauma overcome their past.Įl papel del trauma psíquico (ej. Initially described as resulting from a onetime severe traumatic incident, PTSD has now been shown to be triggered by chronic multiple traumas as well. The role of psychological trauma (eg, rape, physical assaults, torture, motor vehicle accidents) as an etiological factor in mental disorders, anticipated as early as the 19th century by Janet, Freud, and Breuer, and more specifically during World War I and II by Kardiner, was “rediscovered” some 20 years ago in the wake of the psychological traumas inflicted by the Vietnam war and the discussion “in the open ” of sexual abuse and rape by the women's liberation movement, 1980 marked a major turning point, with the incorporation of the diagnostic construct of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) and the definition of its main diagnostic criteria (reexperiencing of the traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma, and symptoms of increased arousal). ![]()
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